Does the use of toxic substances during pregnancy pose a risk for intellectual disabilities?

The statement that the use of toxic substances during pregnancy poses a significant risk for intellectual disabilities is supported by extensive research in maternal and child health. Toxic substances, including certain medications, alcohol, drugs, and environmental pollutants, can interfere with fetal development, particularly during critical periods of brain development.

Exposure to these substances can lead to various adverse outcomes, such as fetal alcohol spectrum disorders resulting from alcohol consumption or developmental issues associated with exposure to heavy metals. The developing brain is particularly vulnerable, and disruptions can lead to lifelong cognitive challenges, including intellectual disabilities.

The evidence underscores that the risk is substantial, as significant exposure can have long-lasting effects on a child's ability to learn, adjust, and thrive in educational and social environments. This highlights the importance of prenatal care and minimizing exposure to known harmful substances to foster healthy fetal development.