Intellectual disability was previously referred to as which term?

The term "mental retardation" was historically used to describe what is now referred to as intellectual disability. This terminology was commonly accepted until around the 2000s when a shift in language and understanding occurred within the medical and psychological communities. The change was influenced by a growing recognition of the stigma associated with the term "mental retardation," leading to the adoption of more respectful and accurate language.

Intellectual disability encompasses a range of conditions that affect cognitive functioning and adaptive behavior, and the reclassification aimed to focus on the abilities and support needs of individuals rather than labeling them with outdated terminology. This transition reflects a broader movement towards person-first language, emphasizing the person rather than their disability. While current terms like "developmental delay," "cognitive impairment," and "psychological disorder" may describe aspects of a person's condition, they do not reflect the historical terminology that was used prior to the change.